This course is about the cultures, societies, languages, and histories of the Andean region of south America from the time of the Inkas until today. The Inkas and other Andean peoples developed civilizations of extraordinary complexity and cultural richness, with a modern legacy that is equally rich and culturally diverse. Who were the Inkas and how are they related to modern Andean peoples? What kind of evidence can we use to understand them? How do the lives of modern Andean peoples draw on similar cultural resources in changed circumstances. We consider historical and ethnographic evidence to understand narrative, ritual, social organization, exchange, control of land and water resources, ethnicity, music, and language.